Romantic Elements in Frankenstein and the Fall of the...

Romantic elements in Frankenstein and The Fall of the House of Usher Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, and Edgar Allan Poe’s short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, although published in different periods, on different continents, have in common many of the main ideas that stood behind the literary movement of Romanticism (the sublime, the Romantic hero, imagination, isolation), combined with elements of the Gothic (the mysterious and remote setting dominated by a gloomy atmosphere, death, sin, pain, exotic elements, supernatural). One of the main elements that is integrated into the Romantic movement is the sublime. In his A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful , Edmund†¦show more content†¦The picture appeared a vast and dim scene of evil, and I foresaw obscurely that I was destined to become the most wretched of human beings.† The night that Victor gives life to his creations is â€Å"a dreary night of November†, with rain patting â€Å"dismally against the panes†. This is similar with the gloomy nature described at the beginning of The Fall of the House of Usher, where the imminent destruction of this ancient family is foreshadowed by the atmosphere of melancholy and decay and the eerie semblance of the house, covered by minute fungi and weakened by the fissure that extends from the roof to the foundations: â€Å" During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself, as the shades of evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher.† Poe’s description of the unearthly storm that takes place on the dreadful night that brings the ultimate destruction to the ancient House of Usher is strikingly similar with the ones described in Frankestein: â€Å"It was, indeed, a tempestuous yet sternly beautiful night, and one wildly singular in its terror and its beauty. A whirlwind had apparently collected its force in our vicinity; for there were frequent andShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe s The Light Romantics 1798 Words   |  8 Pages Romantic Gothicism Research One of the most well known and popular English literature movements out of the many that have progressed throughout history, is gothic romanticism. Also known as dark romanticism, it is a movement that rose during the eighteenth century whose origins come from northern Europe, emerging after the ‘light romantics’. This movement consists of gothic writers who prominently focused on phenomenons, melancholy emotions, darker insights and provided elements through theirRead MoreThe Mysteries Of Udolpho, Frankenstein, And The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner1249 Words   |  5 Pagesand manors, villainous tyrants bent on destruction...and witty dialogue — laced with irony and satire — speaking of matchmaking, fall fashions and the propriety of social actions? Pre-dash, the elements of Gothic fiction permeate and resonate throughout the Romantic era and are included in analysis of many such fiction and prose. The Mysteries of Udolpho, Frankenstein, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, etc. display said aspects and can be considered works of true Gothic horror. Emily St. AubertRead More Frankenstein Kickass Paper2707 Words   |  11 PagesWoolstonecraft Shelley eloped with the famous poet Percy Bysshe Shelley at the age of 15, and after was continually and profoundly influenced by his words and writings. Her novel Frankenstein is named among the best written and most meaningful of the gothic works, and is one of the few still popularly read today. A precursor to the Romantic trend in art and intellect, gothic novels rejected of the precepts of order, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-centuryRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 Pageson people being very familiar with Biblical stories, a common touchstone a writer can tap b. Common Biblical stories with symbolic implications i. Garden of Eden: women tempting men and causing their fall, the apple as symbolic of an object of temptation, a serpent who tempts men to do evil, and a fall from innocence ii. David and Goliath—overcoming overwhelming odds iii. Jonah and the Whale—refusing to face a task and being â€Å"eaten† or overwhelmed by it anyway. iv. Job: facing disasters not of theRead MoreHorror and Comedy4203 Words   |  17 PagesColin Clives Frankenstein. This changed the cinematic appearance of horror movies and it opened up suggestions to new experiences. One of them was bringing horror to the silver screen. Universal Studios became Americas production of horror movies. These movies included Frankenstein, Dracula and The Mummy. Frankenstein being the big winner led on to many sequels which definitely lived up to the primary. These included The Bride of Frankenstein and The Son of Frankenstein. In 1932, aRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 PagesEffect: ï‚ · too soon to tell Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · people beginning a new century and a new millennium media culture interprets values Analyzing Poetry: Poetry Tips Analyzing Poetry What is poetry? How is it analyzed? What are the elements of poetry? Good questions! This web page provides a quick overview of poetry analysis. Please note that this handout discusses the basics of poetry; there is much more to know about it than there is room to discuss here. Laurence Perrine s bookRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesSigns (or units of relation) are related to other signs syntagmatically or paradigmatically: Syntagmatic relations are those which exist among the actual (or present) elements of a statement, and paradigmatic (or associative) relations are those which occur among the potential (or absent) elements of a statement (those elements which might have been but were not actually selected). A syntagma is, consequently, a unit of actual relationship, while a paradigm is a unit of potential relationship

African American Culture through Oral Tradition Essays

African American Culture through Oral Tradition African American folktales have origins rooted in West African literary and cultural forms of expression. When Africans were taken from their homeland and brought to America as slaves, they also brought with them their individual cultures, languages and customs. However, their white slaveholders suppressed this part of their heritage in them. Thus they had to find other ways of expression, mainly story telling and songs. It is incredible to see how African slaves could ever smile and laugh under the horrible and cruel circumstances, which were imposed on them by the brutal slaveholders. The whole body of folktales and spirituals arose from the experiences which slaves had on their†¦show more content†¦They were able to accomplish this by the use of hidden meaning in their words and the ultimate result was that they outwitted their masters and proved that they were not, after all an inferior race. The idea of a slave outwitting his master is seen clearly in many old folktales. Virginia Hamilton, a distinguished writer of fiction for children today, published a book called The People Could Fly, which is a compilation of African American folklore stories. One of the folktales in her book reflects the idea that most slaves told stories in which the slave owner would be outfoxed by his slave. The following is a brief summary of the story named The Riddle Tale of Freedom. Now here it tis. Long time ago, there was a slave and a slave owner. The got along. They liked to joke back and fourth sometimes. Those two would exchange jokes and riddles. The slave man say, Mas, you give me a riddle today and I figured it out. Now, tomorrow, Ill give you one. And if you cant figure it out, said the slave, you give me my freedom in the mornin, too All right, the slaveowner says, you bring me one in the morning. A little further into the story we are told that the slave had an old dog who had died the night before. His name was Love. The slave took a piece of Loves skin and tied around his hand. He then goes to his master and tells him theShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Culture in the Americas741 Words   |  3 Pages African Americans brought over a distinctive culture into America from Africa. The Africans can create many different sounds that we never knew about. They revived the way we held church and worship, and brought joy to many citizens. African Americans enslaved by the South created a truly magnificent culture in slavery using new music, oral traditions, and religious ideas. Many African countries are known for their spectacular music, and during the time of slavery many African American slavesRead MoreOral Traditions or Spoken Word in the Caribbean1557 Words   |  7 PagesORAL TRADITION OR SPOKEN WORD The oral tradition constitutes the main element of transmission and coverage of the oral literature and history, music and dancing. This tradition begins with the internal context of the group and the communication through interaction which brings fourth a folkloric process. The Afro-Caribbean folklore of the Archipelago is a mixture of the African, the British, and the Creole aspects distributed through a cultural continuum of variations. The members of the elite developRead MoreHip Hop Music And African American Oral Traditions998 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom. Many scholars of rap music relate the founding of rap to African and African American oral and musical traditions, specifically African griots and storytellers. They link the rhythm of rap to the use of drums in Africa and to African American music in the United States, from slave songs and spirituals to jazz and RB. Scholars have found very interesting connections between rap music and Black nationalist traditions (tradition s historically practiced by black people that serve as part of theirRead MoreRoots of Hip Hop968 Words   |  4 PagesStylistic Foundations of the Rap Music and Tradition†    Hip-Hop as well as many other artistic cultural forms we practice today can be related back to African culture and various traditions. Author of  The Roots and Stylistic Foundations of the Rap Music and Tradition,  Cheryl Keyes, discuss’ the spirit, style, tradition, emotions, culture and the delivery of music. Keyes says that many of these practices can be traced back to the West Afrikan Bardic Tradition in particular. When asking many old-schoolRead MoreThe Hip Hop Generation And Its Impact On Society1371 Words   |  6 Pagesplays a major part in African American culture, dialogue, fashion, and self expression. Today, Hip Hop has a joined people of many nationalities, races, and ethnicities as a society. The Hip Hop Generation has begun to redefine African American cultural norms and practices in America by the changing of conduct, social interaction, and immoral acts. Hip Hop has had many positive and negative effects on society one of which has been well known to sen ding out negative messages through misogynistic lyricsRead MoreHip Hop And Its Impact On American Culture933 Words   |  4 Pages Do you remember a time, during which hip hop music was a voice against African American oppression? Honestly, it is hard to tell nowadays. Even though hip hop was a concept coined my American artists, it is rooted in many cultures among different nations. It is one of the only nationalistic movements that have not lost its fundamental heritage throughout the test of time. Hip hop music has always been a voice for the voiceless, but in the past decade, the music genre has declined into commercialismRead MoreNo One Hears Words on a Page: The Native American Oral Tradition1021 Words   |  5 Pages The impact of contemporary Native American authors is not diminished by the fact they fail to fully transcribe tales of the oral tradition into an equally successful literary story. The basic elements of the oral tradition are technically adhered to but the int eraction between audience and the teller is absent. The lack of personal interaction with the histories and ethical tales changes the culture of Native Americans. Literary stories are generally published for public consumption. The publicRead MoreThe Oral Tradition Of Storytelling1510 Words   |  7 PagesNative American culture seems to be a central theme and translates the oral tradition of storytelling into a written English essay. The narrator Ayah doesn’t tell her story to anyone in particular, but instead she reminiscences on a story that weaves her past memories and her present happenings through a series of associations, rather than in a set chronological order. In addition to the focus on the oral tradition of storytelling, Silko is concerned with the ways in which Native American traditionsRead MoreAn Analysis of Henry Gates Jr. and â€Å"the Signifying Monkey†1505 Words   |  7 Pagescan help the reader understand the piece of literature. Henry Gates has helped understand and criticize many African American Literature authors that are exposed through the canon in secondary English Education. As a teacher, it is essential to introduce Postcolonialism into the classroom as well as postcolonialist critics such as Henry Gates Jr. Furthermore, as I teach my African American literature class I have found myself searching for supplemental material to suppose the authors that I introduceRead MoreAfrican American Culture in a Modern American Dominant Sociology2841 Words   |  12 PagesAfrican American Culture in a Modern American Dominant Sociology Intro to Sociology September 3, 2010 Janice Caparro African American culture in the United States refers to the cultural contributions of Americans African descent to the culture of the United States, either as part of or distinct from American culture. The distinct identity of African American culture is rooted in the historical experience of the African American people. The culture is both distinct and enormously influential

Religon Essay Example For Students

Religon Essay Home: Religion An examination of the question of the impeccability of Jesus ChristThe New Testament authors had no qualms about declaring that Jesus was truly human and telling us that Jesus committed no sin. Bible passages such as 2 Corinthians 5:21, Hebrews 4:15, 1 Peter 2:22 and 1 John 3:5 witness that He Jesus did not give in to temptation, nor violate the moral standards of God, nor was He inconsistent with the nature of his character. That is, Jesus was sinless. It is vital to our theology that Jesus was sinless. For only if Jesus was sinless could His death have been a vicarious substitution and fulfil Gods redemptive plan for man. If Jesus had not been sinless, then it would mean that He died for His own sins and not those of mankind. Had Jesus died for His own sins then His death could not have been accepted by the Father as a vicariously substitution for the punishment and judgement each of us are entitled to receive. Even though there is no serious debate that Jesus was an ything but sinless, theologians have discussed the question of whether Jesus could have sinned if He had wanted. This is called the peccability of Christ. The opposing argument, i.e., impeccability, being that even if He had wanted, Jesus could not have sinned. Upon first consideration, one might view this question as being trivial; something to simply keep the theologians out of mischief when they have nothing better to do. However, there are some very appropriate reasons for examining this issue. The first reason to examine the issue of Christs peccability/impeccability is so that we might obtain a better understanding and a more in depth knowledge about both Jesus Christ and God, just as God has invited us. This is the same reason that we study Theology proper. When we arrive at an answer to this question, we will have additional knowledge about Jesus preincarnate state and a better understanding of the meaning of the statement Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forev er . Second, some theologians have argued that the peccability of Jesus has a direct impact on the humanity of Christ. That is, if Jesus was not peccable then just how human was he? Could he have been true man if he were not able to sin like the rest of mankind? (Note: this is a question of whether Christ could have sinned; not that Christ had to have sinned in order to be human.) Morris indirectly asks if Jesus impeccability implied that he was lacking a part of the human condition that the rest of mankind have, viz., the consciousness of past sin? If this is the case, Christ may not have been truly human because he only took on most of the qualities of human nature but shielded himself from the consciousness of sin. Third, Sahl tells us that the virgin birth, the Incarnation, and the hypostatic union, are all influenced by the impeccability of Jesus Christ . Therefore, if we are to have a full understanding of these doctrines, we need to study the question of Christs peccability/i mpeccability. Fourth, an understanding of the peccability/impeccability of Jesus Christ will have an impact on our understanding of angels in general and Lucifer/Satan in particular . That is, by examining the peccability/impeccability of Jesus (and the related issue of the temptability of Jesus) we will come to have a better understanding of the realm of angels, especially the fallen angels. Furthermore, by examining the temptations that Satan makes to Christ, we will also have a deeper awareness of the powers of Satan and his followers. Fifth, because the Bible tells us that Jesus did not sin, the question of Jesus peccability or impeccability will have an impact on biblical inerrancy and integrity. As Sahl states, if it is possible that the Lord Jesus Christ could succumb to or be deceived by sin, then one must also conclude that it is possible for Him to have given inaccurate information about eternal things when He was growing in wisdom and stature and favour with God and man . And finally, Christs peccability/impeccability will have an impact on the victory over temptation and sin that the Redeemer accomplished . For if it was impossible for Jesus to have ever sinned then it is indeed a hallow victory: there was no chance of his ever not winning the battle. Thus, the victory is a very mute point and raises the question if the victory has any real impact on mankind under these circumstances. Thus, we can see that the peccability or impeccability of Jesus is more than simply an academic debate. The outcome of such a debate could have far reaching implications on our view and knowledge of God, our doctrine of the humanity of Jesus, the doctrines of the virgin birth, the Incarnation and the hypostatic union, our theology of angelology, the question of biblical inerrancy and integrity and finally, our view of Jesus victory over temptation and sin. I would now like to turn to the arguments for the peccability of Jesus, i.e., Jesus could have sinned if he had w anted to sin. As stated earlier, a positive result of this investigation does not imply that Jesus had to have sinned during his earthly life. Only that it was possible for Jesus to have sinned. Our first argument that Jesus was peccable centres on the question of the temptations of Jesus. Charles Hodge has been quoted as summarizing this teaching in these words: This sinlessness of our Lord, however, does not amount to absolute impeccability. It was not a non potent peccare. If He was a true man, He must have been capable of sinning. That he did not sin under the greatest provocation is held up to us as an example. Temptation implies the possibility of sin . Sahl states this as if a person has no susceptibility to sin or if sin has no appeal for him, the temptation is a farce . In short, this means that if Jesus was not capable of being tempted by sin and capable of sinning and then He was not truly human. For temptability and the ability to sin are part of being human. In order t o fully understand and respond to this argument based on temptability we must examine the nature of temptability. Sahl argues that the problem with this argument is that we have a misconception of the nature of temptability. Specifically, he says, the Greek word to tempt does not mean to induce evil. The word means to try, make a trial of, put to the test to signify the trying intentionally with the purpose of discovering what of good or evil, of power or weakness was in a person or thing, or to have an appeal. In this regard, Sahl concludes that the temptations of Christ were real: Christ faced real challenges in the desert where he proved the good that was in Him and also in the Garden of Gethsemani and on Calvary where he demonstrated His power. Towns notes that temptability may be defined as Generally understood as the enticement of a person to commit sin by offering some seeming enticement. In this sense our sinless Redeemer was absolutely untemptible and impeccable. That is, because Jesus was God and possessed the attributes of God, there was nothing that Jesus could be enticed to have or obtain. Therefore, he could not be tempted. However, on the opposite side of the question, Towns also notes that the nature of Christs temptation was that He was asked to do the things He could do and the things He wanted: the results of which would have come from doing what Satan asked. The nature of His temptation was the fact that He as God was tempted to do the things He could do. The things Christ is asked to do appear to be valid requests . Therefore, because Satan asked Christ to do the things he was capable of, e.g., turning stones to bread, etc., we can see that the temptations Christ faced were real. However, the temptations Jesus faced were different from those other men would endure; Jesus was tried as no other was ever tried. Added to the nature of the temptation itself was the greater sensitivity of Christ . It is possible that the ultimate and most se vere temptation of Jesus came in the Garden of Gethsemani. Here Jesus was tempted to abandon the plan of God and to let this cup pass from me (Matthew 26:39). Clearly, Jesus experienced worse temptations than we do. Hence, the temptations Christ faced were real precisely because they were tests of and trials to His power. That is, when the Bible tells us Jesus was tempted it implies He was tempted in all His thinking, desires (emotions) and decision-making ability. Christ was tempted in every part of His being as a person is tempted in every part of human nature . Another point we must remember in disputing the argument of peccability from temptability is that temptation to sin does not necessitate susceptibility to sin . The impossible can always be attempted. While success may not be likely, or the attempt may be impractical this does not in and of itself mean that such an attempt cannot be done. Walvoord states while the temptation may be real, there may be infinite power to res ist that temptation and if the power is infinite, the person is impeccable . As an example, Walvoord quotes Shedds example of an army: it is not correct to say that because an army cannot be conquered, it cannot be attacked. There is also Biblical evidence that Jesus was truly tempted as we read in Hebrews for we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weakness, but one who was tempted in every way that we are (4:15). In summary then we can see that the argument of Jesus Christs peccability cannot be supported by the temptation argument. For one to be tempted does not necessarily imply that one must be susceptible to the temptation. Furthermore, Jesus was tempted in every aspect of the term. True, His temptations were different from those we experience, but they were none the less real temptations. And Finally, just because Jesus was tempted does not imply that He was capable of sin. It is possible for Satan to try the impossible, i.e., tempt Jesus, even thoug h there is no chance of success. The second argument in support of the peccability of Jesus rests on the humanity of Jesus, i.e., if He was a true man He must have been capable of sinning . This argument rests on two fallacies. First, it fails to recognize that while Jesus was true man, He was also true God. He was the God-man. Even though a man, Jesus still retained all of the attributes of His divine nature (even though through the kenosis, or self-emptying, He willingly did not exercise all of His divine attributes.) Jesus Christ possessed all the divine attributes of the Father In humanity, Christ was totally human; in deity, Jesus was unalterably God. Yet in Jesus Christ was a single, undivided personality in whom these two natures are vitally and undividedly united, so that Jesus Christ is not God and man, but the God-man. The second fallacy is that, Jesus was first God and subsequently took on human manhood. The second Trinitarian person Jesus Christ is the root and stock in to which the human nature is grafted or God in becoming man did not diminish His deity, but added a human nature to the divine nature. From these two rebuttals we can see that even though Jesus was truly man, He maintained His divine attribute of holiness. It was this holiness which supplied the strength and will power to ensure that Christ avoided sin and could not sin. In other words, though Christ was of both human and divine desires, He had only one determinative will. That determinative will is in the eternal Logos. Thus, even though Jesus was truly human, His divine will was more powerful and prevented Him from sinning because a holy will may be perfectly free, and yet determined with absolute certainty to the right. Such is Gods will . Therefore, as God, Christ is certain to do only good, and yet He is a moral agent making choices. He need not have the capacity to sin . The third argument in support of the peccability of Jesus is based on the Scriptural statements that Jesus is the second or New Adam and corresponds to the first Adam. Thus, if Jesus was the second Adam he had to have all the qualities and characteristics of the first Adam. The proponents of this argument then proceed to conclude that one of the characteristics of Adam was the ability to sin. However, in actual fact, this argument misses the point. The first Adam was a perfect man when he was created by God. Adam was created in holiness without the inward compulsion toward sin that now characterizes his progeny or Jesus did not possess a sin nature because it was not a part of the original nature of man . In the garden Adam knew neither sin nor the consequences of sin. Adam had no experience of sin before the Serpent and Eve presented him the apple from the tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. It was only when Adam disobeyed God that Adam added sin to his perfect nature. This is a case of arguing from the present condition to a past condition which is then applicable to Jesus. It makes th e mistake of taking our imperfect lives as the standard, and regarding Christ as human only as He conforms to our failures. Rather, He is the standard, and He shows us what a genuine humanity can be . Thus, the perfect human is without sin and is capable of not sinning (even though the perfect human will still have inherited a sin nature and original sin from Adam). Therefore, Christ can be the second or New Adam and still not have a peccable nature. In the chapter entitled The Sinlessness of Christ in Berkouwers book The Person of Christ, the author presents three unique arguments for the peccability of Christ. I did not find mention of these arguments in any other source and, therefore, am sceptical of the weight they carry. However, I have decided to summarize them below in the interest of completeness. All three of his arguments are based on Biblical passages. Berkouwers first argument centres on Christ words Why do you call me good? None is good but God alone (Luke 18:19, Mark 10:18 and a similar reference in Matthew 19:17). According to Berkouwer, this statement brings the peccability of Christ into question because people have inferred that Christ himself did not proceed from his absolute sinlessness or holiness but rather places himself in the rank of sinful human beings. However, to read this passage in this manner is clearly a case of poor interpretation. The Jerome Biblical Commentary tells us that the phrase good teacher is a rarely used epithet for a rabbi and that Jesus answer implies that the epithet good being proper to God, should not be used indiscriminately and casually . Berkouwer, on the other hand, suggests that this is a different type of misinterpretation. He argues that in the early church and at the time these three Gospels were written, there was no question of the sinlessness of Christ. The sinlessness of Christ is a theological concept which developed later in history: an explicit attestation to Jesus sense of sinlessness we do not find until we encounter them, as the fruit of the Logos-theology, in the pronouncements of the Johannine Christ . While I am not personally convinced with Berkouwers interpretation and prefer to base the rejection of this argument for Jesus peccability on the correct interpretation of the passage, I will grant that Berkouwer presents a logical and plausible argument given what we know about the development of the New Testament writings. The second argument Berkouwer presents is based on the story of the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist. In Matthews account of this incident, John the Baptist recognizes the holiness of Christ and tries to avoid baptising Him. However, Christ instructs John the Baptist to give in for now (Matthew 3:15). From this, the argument arises that if Jesus was sinless why was it He had to be baptized and repent His sins? The Jerome Biblical Commentary points out that the dialogue between John the Baptist and Jesus is not found in the accounts of either Mar k or Luke and proposes that it is an addition by Matthew because it was necessary to explain how Jesus could submit to a rite of repentance and confession of sin . Berkouwer has a more fuller explanation saying Christ was obedient to the divine law in precisely this manner To this law Christ was already subject in his circumcision and in his presentation in the temple and in nothing was he distinguished from the other children of his i.e., the Jewish people. He was born of a woman, born under the law (Gal. 4:4) . In other words, Jesus was simply fulfilling the Judaic law and being a good Jew. Like all other Jews of His time, He was keeping the precepts and following the rules. It was not an attempt to deny his holiness or to claim that He was sinful. It was simply a rite of passage. Had He not followed through with the baptism it is possible that Jesus would have been condemned by the Jewish leaders and banned from the Temple. Therefore, we can see that the baptism of Jesus does no t carry any weight as an attempt to prove the peccability of Jesus. Berkouwers third unique approach of the peccability of Jesus is based on Hebrews 5:7-8. In this passage we are told by the apostolic author that Jesus learned obedience from what he suffered. This statement has lead people (at least according to Berkouwer) to question if there was a stage in which Christ was not yet obedient a stage antedating Christs obedience. In countering this argument Berkouwer points out that Hebrew 5 is related precisely to the suffering of Christ in Gethsemani where Christ is tempted to derail the divine plan, His cross, death and resurrection. However, Christ was obedient in the sense that He accepted the divine will and accepted the will of the Father. This passage does not relate to the whole life of Christ, but merely to a single episode.. Therefore, this passage is not supportive of the peccability theory. In summary therefore, we have seen that the question of the peccability of Jesus , i.e., Jesus could have sinned if He had wished to sin, cannot be supported by appealing to the following arguments: a) that in order to have a true human nature Jesus had to be able to sin; b) that in order to be really tempted as man is tempted Jesus had to be able to sin; c) that temptability necessitates susceptibility to sin; d) that if Jesus were a true man he would have to be able to sin because sin is part of the human condition; e) that if Jesus were really the Second or New Adam he had to have been able to sin; f) that Jesus statement in Luke 18:19, Mark 10:18 and Matthew 19:17 (None is good but God alone) implies that Jesus had to have been able to sin; g) that Jesus baptism by John the Baptist implies Jesus sin nature and hence the ability to sin; and h) that Biblical passage of Hebrews 5:7-8 implies that Jesus was notalways obedient and thus, able to sin. Therefore, we can conclude that there is no argument that would require us to admit or concur with the peccability of Jesus. Having determined the lack of evidence to support the peccability of Jesus, I now wish to examine the arguments in support of the impeccability of Jesus. The first argument to support the impeccability of Jesus is based on Jesus divine nature. Towns tells us Jesus was unalterably God and to back up this statement he presents nine proofs. Sahl tells us that it is precisely because Jesus is God that it is not possible for Him to sin . Pannenberg explains this more fully, saying, if sin is essentially life in contradiction to God, in self-centred closing of our ego against God, then Jesus unity with God in his personal community with the Father and in his identity with the person of the Son of God means immediately his separation from all sin . That is, the concept of peccability in the person of Christ is contradicted principally by the attributes of immutability . Pannenberg notes that for Tertullian, Jesus is sinless because he is one with the sinless God . In other word s, both Pannenberg and Tertullian conclude that it is impossible for Christ to be peccable because to do so would fly in the face of Gods (including Jesus) immutability. For Christ to be able to sin there would have to be a substantial change to the very nature of God. However, God himself has clearly revealed that Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and forever (Hebrews 13:8) and you Jesus are the same, and your years will have no end (Hebrews 1:12). Walvoord has extrapolated these verses to imply, it is unthinkable that God could sin in eternity past, it must also be true that it is impossible for God to sin in the person of Christ incarnate. The nature of His person forbids susceptibility to sin . Towns states this as To rob God of any attributes would be to rob God of deity. It would mean that God is no longer immutable (unchanging), and therefore, causes Him to be less than God . Therefore, based on the above, it is clear that Jesus could not have been able to sin. Second , it has also been argued that since Jesus was God, His omnipotence, even though he chose not to exercise this attribute through the kenosis, would guarantee His impeccability: peccability always implies weakness on the part of the one tempted. On the part of Christ, this is clearly out of the question . Bechtle states this argument as falling to temptation shows moral weakness or lack of power and ability. Christ had infinite power, and was therefore not susceptible to sin . Third, it is argued that because Christ was omniscient He could not have sinned: sin frequently appeals to the ignorance of the one tempted. In the case of Christ, the effects of sin were perfectly known, with all the contributing factors. It was impossible for Christ having omniscience to commit that which he knew could only bring eternal woe to Himself and to the race. Having at once infinite wisdom to see sin in its true light and at the same time infinite power to resist temptation, it is evident that Chr ist was impeccable. Towns takes this argument based on the definition and attributes of God one step further and presents a fourth argument which includes the fact that Jesus was omnipresent as a proof of His impeccability: Christ is omnipresent (His presence in heaven at the time of the temptation disallows sin), therefore, Christ could not sin for He lived a perfect life in heaven at the moment of the temptation . The fifth argument in supporting the view that Christ was impeccable appeals to the statement God cannot be tempted with evil which is found in James 1:13. However, this is an inaccurate translation of the original manuscript. A more correct translation would be Surely God, who is beyond the grasp of evil, tempts no one . This latter interpretation is supported by the Jerome Biblical Commentary . Thus, the passage in James 1:13 is not appropriate to the current discussion and does not prove either the peccability or impeccability of Jesus. The sixth argument in support o f the impeccability is what Sahl refers to as the unique person of Jesus or the hypostatic union. Under the doctrine of the hypostatic union Jesus had one intellect, one set of emotions, and one volitional ability to make decisions . However, some theologians, such as Shedd, believe that the divinity of Jesus is dominant in his person. the divinity is the dominant factor in Christs complex person . Walvoord concurs with this opinion: In the person of Christ, however, the human will was always subservient to the divine will and could never act independently . While such an argument would seem to support the impeccability of Christ, I am not sure that it does not erroneously interpret the two natures of Christ. Under the doctrine of the hypostatic union we know that the two natures of Jesus are bound together by a bond unique and inscrutable, which constitutes them one person with a single consciousness and will . This means that the human and divine natures did not mingle or merge together into a third nature with a different expression . However, if Christ had only one single will (a position which the Third Council of Constantinople in 681 condemned ) which was in fact dominated (and hence controlled) by his divine will, does this not imply that there is a blending of the wills or the creation of a third nature? Accordingly, while I would like to say that this argument supports the claim of Christs immpeccability, to do so would be to accept an inaccurate definition of the hypostatic union. Therefore, this argument is not applicable to this discussion. The seventh argument in support of the impeccability is that Christ could not sin because he was doing the will of the Father, i.e., arguments from Jesus omnipotent desire and His submission to the divine will. We know that Christ was doing the will of the Father because the Bible clearly states this: Then Jesus said, As is written of me in the book, I have come to do your will, O God (Hebrews 10:7); Jesus ex plained to them: Doing the will of him who sent me and bringing his work to completion is my food (John 4:34) and I have come down from heaven, but to do the will of him who sent me. (John 6:38). The will of the Father is also clearly stated in the Bible: God has sent his Son as an offering for our sins. (1 John 4:10). As an offering for our sins, Christ is a substitute for sin . However, the only way that Christ could be a substitute for our sin would be if Christ had no sin himself. It would only have taken one sin to make Jesus a sinner. In that case, he would be unable to save Himself, let alone be the sinless substitute for the sins of the world .Therefore, if Christ were to fulfill the will of the Father, there would have to be an assurance that He remained sinless throughout his entire life. The only way to guarantee that Christ would remain sinless would be if Christ could not sin. Therefore, Christ had to be impeccable. The eighth argument for the impeccability of Christ i s presented by Sahl and is based solely on the Biblical statements of Christ and the fact that the Bible is inerrant, accurate and authoritative. Sahl extracts the following verses: Mark 2:1-12 (the account of the Paralytic at Capernaum), John 7:18 (Whoever speaks on his own is bent on self-glorification. The man who seeks glory for him who sent him is truthful; there is no dishonesty in his heart.), John 8:29 (The One who sent me is with me. He has not deserted me since I always do what pleases him.), and John 14:6 (Jesus told him: I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father but through me) and then concludes Jesus is the impeccable Saviour who saves His people from their sins . In summary therefore we have seen that: i) the fact that Jesus, who is God, is holy means that He his impeccable because for Him to sin would mean that God is capable of change; j) the fact that Jesus, who is God, is omniscient implies that He is impeccable; k) the fact that Jesus, who is God, is omnipotent implies that He is impeccable; l) the fact that Jesus, who is God, is omnipresent implies that He is impeccable; m) the fact that Jesus is a unique person who has an omnipotent desire and is submissive to the divine will implies He is impeccable; n) the fact that Jesus is the offering and sacrifice for mans sin implies that Jesus is impeccable; and o) the fact that Jesus own statements concerning Himself in the Bible, which is inerrant, implies that Jesus is impeccable. Thus we can conclude that Jesus was impeccable, i.e., he could not sin. This assignment requires that after having examined the question of Christs peccability or impeccability that the author select a view and defend it. There is no doubt that I would like to take the view that Jesus is peccable and could have sinned if he had wanted to sin. For some reason, I cannot fully express why the peccability of Jesus is very comforting for me. Perhaps it is because such a view would mean that it m ight be possible for me to also live my life without sin. That is, if the perfect man, Jesus Christ, could live his life without sin, then there is at least the possibility that I could do likewise. There may also be comfort in the fact that it always easier to deal with another person who is similar to ourselves and who is not superior, i.e., without sin. Or maybe, it is because I find myself being tempted so often the idea of a Saviour who can also undergo temptation and who is peccable seems to be less threatening and more approachable than the alternative. However, after reviewing the above material and searching my heart, I would have to select the view that Christ is impeccable as my stand on this issue. While the Bible passages which proclaim Jesus sinlessness and His impeccability are compelling, the ultimate arguments which convince me is the nature of Jesus, the God-man. For me, Jesus is clearly both God and man; fully the two natures and never separable. If Jesus is God t hen it means that He must be holy, omniscient, omnipotent and omnipresence. Given these attributes and the fact that God is, by definition, immutable then I must conclude that Jesus is impeccable. In conclusion therefore, we have seen that there are several arguments which attempt to prove peccability of Jesus. However, all of these arguments fail to be convincing and have inherent fallacies. On the other hand, we have seen that there are several arguments which prove beyond a doubt that Jesus Christ is impeccable. Each of these arguments, by their very definition and by logical conclusions they lead to, show us that Jesus was impeccable. For myself, while I would like to believe that Jesus is peccable, the evidence and weight of conviction is clearly proves that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, Second Person of the Trinity, the true God-man, is impeccable. Self Esteem Essay Words/ Pages : 5,305 / 24

Michael Milken Pleaded Guilty To A Number Of What Are Generally Called

Michael Milken pleaded guilty to a number of what are generally called "white-collar" crimes ? as opposed to "blue-collar" crimes or those Godfather-type underground activities known as "organized crime". But on examination, much of Milken's white-collar work bears a startling resemblance to the methods of organized crime in schematic if not case by case. Milken was no capo, but he certainly applied the general mind set of the gangster to finance. And in doing so, he created a vastly more powerful operation than anything that John Gotti could ever have imagined. After all, what were the greenmail raids of Milken associates Goldsmith, Ichan, Stienberg, Pickens, Boesky, and others except the old protection racket writ very, very large? What were the threats to subvert the finances of target companies except a shakedown, with plenty of immoral complicity by target company management? What was the cleverly planned pillage of the federally insured S&Ls except the familiar criminal tactic of buying a business for pennies (in this case, the trivial equity required to buy a pool of federally insured assets) and then simply stealing its assets instead of operating it as a long-term entity? What was First Executive Corp. except the looting of a financial company to enrich the men who had captured it? What was the demand by Milken for huge slices of equity in the deals he made, the movement of those pieces to him personally, and the fact that those demands were often made at the very last minute except the most fundamental strong-arm tactics? But at an even more basic level, the Milken operation had at its core a basic unethical principal: The quickest and easiest way to make a lot of money is to borrow it and not pay it back. Milken simply raised that principal to a form and scale that were unheard of. There is a passage in the movie Goodfellas in which a restaurant is bought by a Mafia chieftain whose restaurateur-partner hopes for great things. Instead, the Mafia guy (played by Paul Sorvino) buys liquor on the charge account of the restaurant, has it "stolen" and resells it, leaving his partner to go into bankruptcy because he can't pay his liquor bills. If the Paul Sorvino character then claimed he was doing a good thing by looting his partner's restaurant because he was enlarging the demand for stolen liquor and creating new jobs for all of the loaders and lifters who carried it off, that would be Drexel/Milkenism fairly precisely. Indeed, if one imagines that the looted restaurant is a whole series of S&Ls and the defrauded partner is the taxpayer, the parallel seems to be almost precise. Even if the Milken players did not violate ? or at the very least were not prosecuted for violating ? any laws, their tactics bear a striking similarity to those of organized crime. If, at the end of the day, the Drexel player (or any other businessman) has enriched himself while draining the assets of a company to which he has a fiduciary obligation, that is at the very least highly organized misconduct. Drexel and Milken and many other confederates cannot, of course, be compared for evil-doing with the likes of Al Capone or Legs Diamond or "Lepkele" Buchalter, but in the basic approach to the conduct of business, they certainly borrowed far more from the captains of crime than from the captains of industry and finance like Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, and J. P. Morgan. That is, while the steel barons of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries enriched themselves wildly out of any scale of fairness to their stockholders or employees, at the end of the line they left the l argest and best and most profitable steel manufacturing facilities in the world. Milken and his entourage could hardly make such a claim. At the end of their line, they had enriched only themselves, leaving vast sectors of American business and industry reeling. The true similarity between Milkenism and organized crime can be found in the mind set of Michael Milken and his colleagues and the use of the underworld tactics of the con and the shakedown, the swindle and the heist, in the world of finance on a national

Driving Policy For Elderly essays

Driving Policy For Elderly essays Picture this in your mind. Its a beautiful sunny day in the middle of nowhere, and theres not a single city or town for miles. Its a straight road that leads passed your eye distance disappearing into the horizon. Wouldnt you want to test your car to see how fast it really can go? Now picture this. Its a cold rainy day and your stuck behind a car thats moving as slow as molasses. Now wouldnt you get mad? What would your feelings be towards this? Wouldnt it be exhilarating to drive over a hundred miles an hour? So, do you think that elderly people should retake their drivers test? The problem with elderly people these days are because younger men and women believe that they can become a hazard among themselves and other drivers. Elderly people only have problems on the road when they arent able to perform their driving skills any longer. Like they might fall asleep at night during long distance driving because once you get older, you seem to feel more tired. Also, their weak bones and muscles. It might even be slow reactions because to brain begins to shut down when you get older and so does your body. I remember when my mother and I had left from one of my Hampstead Hoops basketball games, and after the game a chose to ride home with my mother. As time passed, I started to slowly close my eyes and fall asleep. At that point in time, I had no clue that we had got stuck behind someone driving slowly. When that one specific car pulled out in front of us, I could see the old persons figure in the glare from the incoming cars. Soon cars started to be bumper to bumper, almost like a Congo line at a party. My mother was hoping that the old person would turn soon because it was getting late and I still had homework to finish. To make a long story short, the old man, or woman stayed in front of us all the way from Manchester, NH. He or she was probably going around fo...

Overview of O. Henrys Two Thanksgiving Day Gentlemen

Overview of O. Henry's 'Two Thanksgiving Day Gentlemen' Two Thanksgiving Day  Gentlemen by O. Henry is a short story that appears in his 1907 collection, The Trimmed Lamp. The story, which features another classic O. Henry twist at the end, raises questions about the importance of tradition, particularly in a relatively new country like the United States. Plot An indigent character named Stuffy Pete waits on a bench in Union Square in New York City, just as he has on every Thanksgiving Day for the past nine years. He has just come from an unexpected feast provided for him by two old ladies as an act of charity and he has eaten to the point of feeling sick. But every year on Thanksgiving, a character named the Old Gentleman always treats Stuffy Pete to a bountiful restaurant meal, so even though Stuffy Pete has already eaten, he feels obligated to meet the Old Gentleman, as usual, and uphold the tradition. After the meal, Stuffy Pete thanks the Old Gentleman and the two of them walk in opposite directions. Then Stuffy Pete turns the corner, collapses to the sidewalk, and has to be taken to the hospital. Shortly after, the Old Gentleman is also brought to the hospital, suffering from a case of almost starvation because he hasnt eaten in three days. Tradition and National Identity The Old Gentleman seems self-consciously obsessed with establishing and preserving a Thanksgiving tradition. The narrator points out that feeding Stuffy Pete once a year is a thing that the Old Gentleman was trying to make a tradition of. The man considers himself a pioneer in American tradition, and every year he offers the same overly formal speech to Stuffy Pete: I am glad to perceive that the vicissitudes of another year have spared you to move in health about the beautiful world. For that blessing along this day of thanksgiving is well proclaimed to each of us. If you will come with me, my man, I will provide you with a dinner that should make your physical being accord with the mental. With this speech, the tradition becomes almost ceremonial. The purpose of the speech seems less to converse with Stuffy than to perform a ritual and, through elevated language, to give that ritual some kind of authority. The narrator links this desire for tradition with national pride. He portrays the United States as a country self-conscious about its own youth and striving to keep pace with England. In his usual style, O. Henry presents all of this with a touch of humor. Of the Old Gentlemans speech, he writes hyperbolically: The words themselves formed almost an Institution. Nothing could be compared with them except the Declaration of Independence. And in reference to the longevity of the Old Gentlemans gesture, he writes, But this is a young country, and nine years is not so bad. The comedy arises from the mismatch between the characters desire for tradition and their ability to establish it. Selfish Charity? In many ways, the story appears critical of its characters and their ambitions. For example, the narrator refers to the yearly hunger which, as the philanthropists seem to think, afflicts the poor at such extended intervals. That is, rather than commending the Old Gentleman and the two old ladies for their generosity in feeding Stuffy Pete, the narrator mocks them for making grand annual gestures but then, presumably, ignoring Stuffy Pete and others like him throughout the year. Admittedly, the Old Gentleman seems much more concerned with creating a tradition (an Institution) than with actually helping Stuffy. He deeply regrets not having a son who could maintain the tradition in future years with some subsequent Stuffy. So, he is essentially fostering a tradition that requires someone to be impoverished and hungry. It could be argued that a more beneficial tradition would be aimed at wiping out hunger altogether. And of course, the Old Gentleman seems much more concerned about inspiring thankfulness in others than about being thankful himself. The same might be said of the two old ladies who feed Stuffy his first meal of the day. Exclusively American Though the story doesnt shy away from pointing out the humor in the characters aspirations and predicaments, its overall attitude toward the characters seems largely affectionate. O. Henry takes a similar position in The Gift of the Magi, in which he seems to laugh good-naturedly at the characters mistakes, but not to judge them. After all, its hard to fault people for charitable impulses, even they come only once a year. And the way the characters all work so hard to establish a tradition is charming. Stuffys gastronomic suffering, in particular, suggests (however comically) a dedication to the greater national good than to his own well-being. Establishing a tradition is important to him, too. Throughout the story, the narrator makes several jokes about the self-centeredness of New York City. According to the story, Thanksgiving is the only time that New Yorkers make an effort to consider the rest of the country because it is the one day that is purely American [†¦] a day of celebration, exclusively American. Perhaps whats so American about it is that the characters remain so optimistic and undaunted as they bumble their way toward traditions for their still-young country.

Internet Technology and Social Media Solutions for Business Essay

Internet Technology and Social Media Solutions for Business - Essay Example Internet and Social Media have brought a revolution to the business world in the ‎recent past and proved to be an efficient online mode to imply various marketing strategies for ‎enhancing new business developments. Nearly all forms of businesses attained sustainability, ‎visibility and brand attention to nominal face with such online marketing tool over the years. This ‎platform gives up-to-date knowledge of any services or products, enhances online traffic and ‎create sound awareness (Norman 25).‎ There is a number of effective social media networks like YouTube, Facebook, LinkedIn, ‎various blogs and Twitter available to facilitate the online business activities for building state of the art ‎solid customer base. This could be carried out by effectively marketing and advertising the ‎products through the adoption of interactive plans and strategies, for instance conducting online ‎polls, webinars, contests and e-books etc. The most important factor for online business through ‎social media is the engagement of accurate target audience so that the customers remain loyal to ‎respective brands or services for longer period of time.‎ Social Media’s Benefits to Business There are countless benefits of conducting business through an effective use of ‎technological internet tools. ... It also brings ?new job openings worldwide which tends to decrease the unemployment rate. The marketing ?tool also brings new investment to the business which is the best way to grow. It totally depends upon the way social media is used for business. It can be used for obtaining several objectives. Most ?common foreseeable objectives include fresh business contact, search new potential clients, ?obtaining prompt feedback, suggestion and positive criticism from the customers, conduct online ?marketing research and so on and so forth (Norman 54).? Internet and Social Media’s Applications in Business: ? †¢ It could be essentially import for gaining sizable profits in business through effective online ?marketing and publicity.? †¢ The medium of marketing could marginalize all hurdles in the business and put on the path of ?success.? †¢ It could identify target respondents of the products and services to build loyal and long term ?relationship with the clients.? â₠¬ ¢ A type of bonding is formed between buyers and sellers through social media.? †¢ It also tends to make new contact with different communities around the world of identical ?interests.? †¢ Experiences are shared with eventually lead towards building high credibility.? †¢ Through all time interaction, a consultation and advice can be given without any hidden cost.? †¢ Social Media creates a pool of like-minded people and builds strong ties for business prospective. ? †¢ It also helps to evaluate the weaknesses along with the competitor’s strategies (Stephen, 2011).? Evaluation of Business through Different Social Media and Internet Tools This paragraph clearly indicates the results which recently obtained by the companies using

Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics - Coursework Example Introduction & Background Nursing is a highly critical profession and involves significant ethical implications. These healthcare issues are very complex and require concrete awareness and analytical skills to overcome them effectively. The vitality comes from the fact that the ultimate customer in this profession is a patient whose survival and life depends on quality of healthcare services. Therefore, slight miscalculation and breach of ethical duties might result in deterioration of health and, in extreme cases, death. Practicing nurses must be well trained and knowledgeable in order to perform their obligations efficiently and need to be constantly supervised and mentored to prevent errors and non-compliance. Issues and proposed solutions There are various ethical issues involved in healthcare industry and nursing practice. Caretaking of patients, coming from diversified backgrounds, requires careful consideration of moral implications. Nurses must be fair and unbiased in their d uties, giving equal service to all patients regardless of their financial status, gender or ethnicity. Limited resources must be allocated with professional judgment to each patient according to genuine needs without any personal prejudice. These patients are often not of sound mind or appropriate age during treatment and therefore nurses must protect their rights in decisions they take. If a patient is capable, nurses must provide them complete autonomy to select options for treatment and must respect their choices. Moreover, to support their decisions, nurses must provide them complete information with integrity. This is a major obstacle since revealing about some adverse diagnosis results can be upsetting for nurses and might trigger hostile reactions. During treatment, it is important that healthcare professionals cover the patient’s body properly and avoid unnecessary talks regarding some physical irregularities to avoid discomfort. Additionally, they must respect privac y of medical information pertaining to patients and keep it confidential unless essential to be disclosed for professional opinions. They should take utmost care that they do not discuss any cases of patients outside clinical premises or during informal chats with friends, family, colleagues and other patients (Fry & Johnstone, 2002). Leadership needed to promote change Professional nurses and healthcare professionals must act as catalysts that trigger change and ensure smooth implementation of transition phase. In order to establish a strong ethical framework, they must promote teamwork and engage others in devising ethical policies. Efforts of all professionals must be collaborated and directed towards achievement of ethical compliance. Teams must be formed consisting of staff from different cultures and multiple disciplines in order to support diversified portfolio of patients. A learning environment must be created and strategic objectives and codes of ethics must be made common ly known. All subordinates must be mentored and provided counseling services in stressful situations and interpersonal conflicts. Clinical atmosphere must be instituted which encourages innovation and flexibility and stifles possibilities of errors and disputes. Regular performance appraisals shall be conducted

Summary of Cooking Terms Essay Example for Free

Summary of Cooking Terms Essay The following is an alphabetical list of terms that describe ways of applying heat to foods. Basic cooking methods described earlier are included, as are more specific applications of these basic methods. BAKE To cook foods by surrounding them with hot, dry air. Similar to roast, but the term bake usually applies to breads, pastries, vegetables and fish. BARBECUE (1)To cook with dry heat created by the burning of hard wood or by the hot coals of this wood. (2) Loosely, to cook over hot coals, such as on grill or spit, often with a seasoned marinade or basting sauce. BLANCH. To cook an item partially and very briefly in boiling water or in hot fat. Usually a pre-preparation technique, as to loosen peels of vegetables, fruits, and nuts, to partially cook French fries or other foods before service, to prepare for freezing, or to remove undesirable flavors. BOIL To cook in water or other liquid that is bubbling rapidly, about 21. 2 degrees F (100 degrees C) at sea level and at normal pressure BRAISE (1)To cook covered in a small amount of liquid, usually after preliminary browning. (2) To cook certain vegetables slowly in a small amount of liquid without preliminary browning. BROIL To cook with radiant heat from above DEEP-FRY To cook submerged in hot fat. DEGLAZE To swirl a liquid in a saute pan, roast pan, or other pan to dissolve cooked particles of food remaining on the bottom. DRY-HEAT COOKING METHODS Methods in which heat is conducted to foods without the use of moisture. FRY To cook in hot fat GLAZE To give shine to the surface of a food by applying a sauce, aspic, sugar, or icing, and/or by browning or melting under a broiler or salamander or in an oven. GRIDDLE To cook on a flat, solid cooking surface called a griddle. GRILL To cook on an open grid over a heat source. MOIST-HEAT COOKING METHODS Methods in which heat is conducted to foods by water or other liquid (except fat) or by steam. PAN-BROIL To cook uncovered in a skillet or saute pan without fat. PAN-FRY To cook in a moderate amount of fat in an uncovered pan. (EN) PAPILLOTE Wrapped in paper (or sometimes foil) for cooking so the enclosed food is steamed in its own moisture. PARBOIL To cook partially in a boiling or simmering liquid. PARCOOK To cook partially by any method. POACH To cook gently in water or other liquid that is hot but not actually bubbling, 160 degrees to 180 degrees F (71 degrees to 82 degrees C). REDUCE. To cook by simmering or boiling until the quantity of liquid is decreased, often to concentrate flavors. ROAST To cook foods by surrounding them with hot, dry air in an oven or on a spit in front of an open fire. SAUTE To cook quickly in a small amount of fat, usually while mixing or tossing the foods by occasionally flipping the pan. SEAR To brown the surface of a food quickly at a high temperature. SIMMER To cook in water or other liquid that is bubbling gently, 185 degrees to 205 degrees F (85 degrees to 96 degrees C). SMOKE-ROAST To cook with dry heat in the presence of smoke, as on a rack over wood chips in a covered pan. SOUS VIDE Vacuum-packed. Refers to techniques for cooking foods that are packaged under vacuum in plastic bags. STEAM To cook by direct contact with steam. STEW To simmer or braise a food or foods in a small amount of liquid, which is usually served with the food as a sauce. STIR-FRY To cook quickly in a small amount of fat by tossing cut-up foods in a wok or pan with spatulas or similar implements. Similar to saute, except the pan is stationary. SWEAT To cook slowly in fat without browning, sometimes under a cover. 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Then add cheese and ham on top of the chicken fillet. Roll it and use the toothpicks to hold it. 2. Dip the rolled chicken fillet in the egg and roll it in the bread crumbs. 3. Deep-fry until golden brown. 4. Remove the toothpick when serving. FISH FILLET Ingredients: †¢ fish(Dory) †¢ calamansi †¢ seasoning †¢ egg bread crumbs †¢ mayonnaise Procedure: 1. Slice the fish. 2. Mix the calamansi and the egg with the fish. 3. Add a little bit seasoning on it. 4. Dip the fish on the bread crumbs. 5. Deep-fry it until it becomes golden brown. 6. After cooking, place the mayonnaise on a small bowl for you to dip your fish on it. SQUASH MIX Ingredients: †¢ oil †¢ egg †¢ squash (grated) †¢ cornstarch. Procedure: 1. Mix the grated squash and the egg. 2. Add cornstarch to the mixture. 3. Fry it. CRUNCHY CHICKEN FINGERS Ingredients: FOR CHICKEN FINGERS †¢ ? kilo chicken breast fillet, sliced into 1 inch thick strips †¢ 1 8g MAGGI MAGIC SARAP †¢ 1 cup all purpose flour †¢ 2 cups finely crushed NESTLE cornflakes †¢ 2 eggs, beaten †¢ Cooking oil for frying FOR TROPICAL CHILI SAUCE †¢ ? cup sweet-chili †¢ 1 tsp MAGGI MAGIC SARAP †¢ ? cup water †¢ Pineapple tidbits †¢ Salt to taste Procedure: 1. Rub MAGGI MAGIC SARAP on chicken strips and let it sit for at least 15 minutes. 2. Coat chicken strips in flour. Dip in egg then roll in crushed cornflakes. 3. Fry chicken strips until golden brown. Drain using paper towels to remove excess oil. Serve with Tropical Chili Sauce on the side. SWEET AND SOUR FISH Ingredients: †¢ 2-3 lbs red snapper, whole fish †¢ 4 tbsp vegetable oil †¢ 1 tbsp salt †¢ ? tsp ground pepper †¢ 2 tbsp soy sauce †¢ ? cup apple cider vinegar or white vinegar †¢ ? water †¢ ? cup brown sugar †¢ 1 large chopped onion †¢ 6 tbsp minced garlic †¢ ? cup ginger, julienned †¢ ? cup carrot, julienned †¢ ? cup red bell pepper †¢ ? cup scallion, julienned (spring onions) †¢ 1 tbsp sifted flour Procedure: 1. Clean the fish and slit it open. Let it stand for few minutes and drain well. 2. Sprinkle fish with 1 tbsp salt 3. In a medium skillet, heat the oil and fry the fish until brown. Remove the fish from the pan and set aside. 4. In the same skillet, saute the garlic until light brown, then saute onion. 5. Add salt and white pepper. Stir in ginger, scallions, carrot and red bell pepper. 6. Add soy sauce, vinegar, water and sugar. Salt and pepper to taste. 7. When the mixture boils, add the flour to thicken. Then, add the fish. 8. Cover the skillet and simmer for 5 minutes. PINAKBET Ingredients: †¢ okra †¢ eggplant †¢ squash †¢ MAGGI magic sarap †¢ Tomato †¢ Garlic †¢ Onion †¢ Salt †¢ Umami †¢ Oyster sauce. †¢ Cabbage Procedure: 1. Saute garlic and onion. 2. Add a little amount of water and put vegetables. 3. Add oyster sauce. 4. Season it with MAGGI magic sarap, salt umami. 5. Taste it and adjust flavors if needed. 6. Serve hot. RELLENONG TALONG Ingredients: †¢ egg †¢ eggplant †¢ ground pork †¢ garlic †¢ onion †¢ oil †¢ salt Procedure: 1. Fry the ground pork. 2. Slice the eggplant in the middle and get the inner part of the eggplant. 3. Mix the pork, garlic onion add salt to season it. 4. Then put the cooked pork in the middle of the sliced eggplant then, put the eggplant in the pan and put egg to close the eggplant.

The Tropical Rainforests of the World :: Rainforests Environmental Nature Essays

The Tropical Rainforests of the World In this term paper, I will explain the great importance of the tropical Rainforests around the world and discuss the effects of the tragedy of rainforest destruction and the effect that it is having on the earth. I will talk about the efforts being made to help curb the rate of rainforest destruction and the peoples of the rainforest, and I will explore a new topic in the fight to save the rainforest, habitat fragmentation. Another topic being discussed is the many different types of rainforest species and their uniqueness from the rest of the world. First, I will discuss the many species of rare and exotic animals, Native to the Rainforest. Tropical Rainforests are home to many of the strangest looking and most beautiful, largest and smallest, most dangerous and least frightening, loudest and quietest animals on earth. There are many types of animals that make their homes in the rainforest some of them include: jaguars, toucans, parrots, gorillas, and tarantulas. There are so many fascinating animals in tropical rainforest that millions have not even identified yet. In fact, about half of the world’s species have not even been identified yet. But sadly, an average of 35 species of rainforest animals are becoming extinct every day. So many species of animals live in the rainforest than any other parts of the world because rainforests are believed to be the oldest ecosystem on earth. Some forests in southeast Asia have been around for at least 100 million years, ever since the dinosaurs have roamed the earth. During the ice ages, the last of which occurred about 10,000 years ago, the frozen areas of the North and South Poles spread over much of the earth, causing huge numbers of extinctions. But the giant freeze did not reach many tropical rainforests. Therefore, these plants and animals could continue to evolve, developing into the most diverse and complex ecosystems on earth. The nearly perfect conditions for life also help contribute to the great number of species. With temperatures constant at about 75-80 degrees Fahrenheit the whole year, the animals don’t have to worry about freezing during the cold winters or finding hot shade in the summers. They rarely have to search for water, as rain falls almost every day in tropical rainforests. Some rainforest species have populations that number in the millions. Other species consist of only a few dozen individuals. Living in limited areas, most of these species are found nowhere else on earth. For example, the maues marmoset, a species of monkey, wasn’t discovered until recently.

The Person Whom I Like Most

The person whom I like most Life is very difficult. Once it brings us happy. Once it brings us worry. Those are the ways of life. The personnel who live with us change their behavior according to situations. Most of people like to share only happiness. When we happened to face worry they simply escaped. But I met one person in this world being with me happy, as well as worry. She was not any other than my mother. Name of my mother is D. M. Bandaramanike. She was born in my village too. She was a grate mother for seven children.I think it is a pleasure to be one of them. Now, my mother is passing her Sixty Seven year of age. But she is in a good health. Still she is doing her all works herself. I was able to succeed a lot of goals in my life. I think, I am a perfect man than others in this world. Today I am satisfied with my education, knowledge and position that I have in this society. I think, behind all these, was my mother. Her guidance made me a perfect man. She did not punish me in my life. She advised me to be a good man.Her advice was not to learn everything in the books. She taught me if I could understand what happen â€Å"you are a good, intelligent man†. My aim is to be such kind of a person in this society. My mother gave me a lot of love, faith, kindness and such things. Those things helped me to succeed in my life. Now the time has come to give my love, faith and kindness to my mother. I hope to be friend for my mother. Today, that is my major responsibility I wish her, to be the mother forever. P. M. T. U. Bandara

Role of Hr in Service Sector

http://www. authorstream. com/Presentation/richadinker-85391-training-development-trainings-types-process-d2-business-finance-ppt-powerpoint/ Training And Development : Training And Development â€Å"Training is the process of altering employee behaviour and attitudes in a way that increase the probability of goal attainment. † Features of Training : Features of Training Training objectives are tied to organization’s business objectives. Training is modular so it can be adapted to workplace schedules. Training is tailored to trainee needs and learning styles. Training structure allows employees to learn at their own pace. Trainees are provided regular, ongoing feedback concerning their progress while in the training programme. WHY T & D : WHY T & D No one is a perfect fit at the time of hiring and some training & development must take place. Planned development programs will return values to the organization in terms of : increased productivity reduced costs Morale Flexibility to adapt to changing requirements Slide 4: Moulds employees’ attitude Helps them achieve better co-operation Creates greater loyalty to the organization Reduces wastage and spoilage Reduces constant supervision Improves quality Training Process : Training Process Determine the mission of the org Job description Training needs assessment Decide most imp objective/priorities Evaluate the curriculum Evaluate the Result of Training TYPES OF TRAINING : TYPES OF TRAINING On the job: Orientation Apprentice Committee assignments Off the job: Vestibule Role playing Lecture Case discussion Conference Slide 7: Decision making: In basket Business games Case studies Role play Responsible for Training : Responsible for Training Top Mgmt – Frames the Training policy HR Dept – plans, establishes and evaluates Supervisors – implement and apply development procedure Employees – provide feedback, revision and suggestions http://www. authorstream. com/Presentation/amit. kursija-217224-training-development-appraisals-collective-bargaining-compensation-competency-employee-relations-hr-hrm-human-reso-education-ppt-powerpoint/ Training and Development : Training and Development Definition : Definition Training is the formal and systematic modification of behavior through learning which occurs as a result of education, instruction, development and planned experience. Development is any learning activity, which is directed towards future, needs rather than present needs, and which is concerned more with career growth than immediate performance. Training, Development, and Education : Training, Development, and Education HRD programs are divided into three main categories: Training, Development, and Education. Training is the acquisition of technology, which permits employees to perform their present job to standards. It improves human performance on the job the employee is presently doing or is being hired to do. Also, it is given when new technology in introduced into the workplace. Development is training people to acquire new horizons, technologies, or viewpoints. It enables leaders to guide their organizations onto new expectations by being proactive rather than reactive. It enables workers to create better products, faster services, and more competitive organizations. It is learning for growth of the individual, but not related to a specific present or future job Training, Development, and Education : Training, Development, and Education Education is training people to do a different job. It is often given to people who have been identified as being promotable, being considered for a new job either lateral or upward, or to increase their potential. Unlike training, which can be fully evaluated immediately upon the learners returning to work, education can only be completely evaluated when the learners move on to their future jobs or tasks. Distinction between Training and Education : Distinction between Training and Education The following table draws a distinction between training and education more clearly. Training Education Application Theoretical orientation Job Experience Classroom learning Specific Tasks General concepts Narrow perspective Broad perspective Distinction between Training and Development : Distinction between Training and Development Learning Training Development Who Non-managers Managers What Technical Theoretical Why Specific job General When Short term Long term Purpose of Training : Purpose of Training To increase productivity and quality To promote versatility and adaptability to new methods To reduce the number of accidents To reduce labour turnover To increase job satisfaction displaying itself in lower labour turn- over and less absenteeism To increase efficiency When does the need for training arise? : When does the need for training arise? The installation of new equipment or techniques A change in working methods or products produced A realization that performance is inadequate Labour shortage, necessitating the upgrading of some employees A desire to reduce the amount of scrap and to improve quality An increase in the number of accidents Promotion or transfer of individual employees. Ensures availability of necessary skills and there could be a pool of talent from which to promote from. Advantages of Training : Advantages of Training 1. Leads to improved profitability and/or more positive attitudes toward profits orientation. 2. Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization. 3. Improves the morale of the workforce. 4. Helps people identify with organizational goals. 5. Helps create a better corporate image. 6. Fasters authentically, openness and trust. 7. Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate. 8. Aids in organizational development. 9. Learns from the trainee. 10. Helps prepare guidelines for work. Disadvantages of training : Disadvantages of training 1. Can be a financial drain on resources; expensive development and testing, expensive to operate? 2. Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time; 3. Equips staff to leave for a better job 4. Bad habits passed on 5. Narrow experience Areas of Training : Areas of Training The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories: Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and regulations about the job, the staff and the products or services offered by the company. The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company. Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (e. g. , operating a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully. Areas of Training Conti. : Areas of Training Conti. Social Skills The employee is made to learn about himself and other, develop a right mental attitude, towards the job, colleagues and the company. The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead. Techniques This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations. In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees, training aims at clouding employee attitudes: When administered properly, a training programme. It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty, support and commitment to company activities. Issues in Employee Training : Issues in Employee Training Communications: The increasing diversity of today's workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs. 2. Computer skills: Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks. 3. Customer service: Increased competition in today's global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers. 4. Diversity: Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views, and includes techniques to value diversity Issues in Employee Training Conti. : Issues in Employee Training Conti. 5. Ethics: Today's society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility. Also, today's diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace. 6. Human relations: The increased stresses of today's workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict. Training can people to get along in the workplace. 7. Quality initiatives: Initiatives such as Total Quality Management, Quality Circles, benchmarking, etc. , require basic training about quality concepts, guidelines and standards for quality, etc. 8. Safety: Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment, hazardous chemicals, repetitive activities, etc. , but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults, etc. Training Process : Training Process Steps in the Training Process : Steps in the Training Process 1. Organizational objectives 2. Assessment of Training needs 3. Establishment of Training goals 4. Devising training programme 5. Implementation of training programme 6. Evaluation of results Organizational Objectives ; Strategies : Organizational Objectives ; Strategies The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies. What business are we in? At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service? Where do we want to be in the future? It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources. Needs Assessment : Needs Assessment Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development. Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development. Before committing such huge resources, organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors. Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual. Slide 19: FOR MORE USEFUL EDUCATIONAL PRESENTATIONS AND TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATIONS LIKE THESE VISIT WWW. THECODEXPERT. COM

Free Essays on Howard Stern

Let There Be Shock Radio†¦ Throughout the history of radio, its broadcasters and programs have maintained decent content that the whole family could enjoy. Then came â€Å"shock radio.† â€Å"Shock radio† is a talk radio program featuring derogatory or offensive remarks, vulgar language, and/or crude humor. While the pioneer of this media was Don Imus, it was Howard Stern who took it too far; or did he? Howard Stern was born to Ben and Ray Stern on January 12, 1954, in Queens, New York. His family then moved to the predominantly black neighborhood of Roosevelt on Long Island (Stern, 1993). Since the age of five Stern knew that he wanted to be on the radio and he often entertained other children at neighborhood parties by putting on improvised puppet shows (Lackmann, 1996). He attended Boston University and worked as a radio DJ there until he was fired after his first broadcast. A few radio stations later, he ended up having a morning show in Washington, D.C. It was here that he began to establish an audience and a reputation as a â€Å"Shock Jock† (Douglas, 1999). He was eventually fired again and moved back to New York City where he was hired by WNBC-AM. He was once again fired and then signed by his current employer WXRK, or as it’s better known, K-Rock. His often sexual, racist, or offensive humor gained him a large following of middle and lower class, blue -collar, white men, and by 1991 he was the number one radio host in New York City (biography.com). In 1986, Infinity (the owners of K-Rock) began syndicating their show nationally and The Howard Stern Show is now heard on 54 radio stations nation wide. (biography.com) Howard Stern is often a recipient of hate mail, fines, and calls from sickened listeners who are struggling to comprehend the audacity of this charismatic man. He often crosses lines which dare not to be crossed by more weary, more cautious travelers. Yet, as much as Amer... Free Essays on Howard Stern Free Essays on Howard Stern Let There Be Shock Radio†¦ Throughout the history of radio, its broadcasters and programs have maintained decent content that the whole family could enjoy. Then came â€Å"shock radio.† â€Å"Shock radio† is a talk radio program featuring derogatory or offensive remarks, vulgar language, and/or crude humor. While the pioneer of this media was Don Imus, it was Howard Stern who took it too far; or did he? Howard Stern was born to Ben and Ray Stern on January 12, 1954, in Queens, New York. His family then moved to the predominantly black neighborhood of Roosevelt on Long Island (Stern, 1993). Since the age of five Stern knew that he wanted to be on the radio and he often entertained other children at neighborhood parties by putting on improvised puppet shows (Lackmann, 1996). He attended Boston University and worked as a radio DJ there until he was fired after his first broadcast. A few radio stations later, he ended up having a morning show in Washington, D.C. It was here that he began to establish an audience and a reputation as a â€Å"Shock Jock† (Douglas, 1999). He was eventually fired again and moved back to New York City where he was hired by WNBC-AM. He was once again fired and then signed by his current employer WXRK, or as it’s better known, K-Rock. His often sexual, racist, or offensive humor gained him a large following of middle and lower class, blue -collar, white men, and by 1991 he was the number one radio host in New York City (biography.com). In 1986, Infinity (the owners of K-Rock) began syndicating their show nationally and The Howard Stern Show is now heard on 54 radio stations nation wide. (biography.com) Howard Stern is often a recipient of hate mail, fines, and calls from sickened listeners who are struggling to comprehend the audacity of this charismatic man. He often crosses lines which dare not to be crossed by more weary, more cautious travelers. Yet, as much as Amer...

ESL Job Interview Lesson and Worksheet

ESL Job Interview Lesson and Worksheet Students in ESL classes (and some EFL classes) will eventually need to take job interviews as they go about finding new employment. The art of job interviewing can be a touchy subject for many students and the approach can vary widely from country to country. Some countries may expect a more aggressive, self-promoting style, while others may generally prefer a more modest approach. In any case, job interviews can make even the best students nervous. One of the best ways to deal with this is to explain job interviewing as an extremely important game. Make it clear that students should understand the rules of the game. Whether or not they feel any given job interviewing style is fair is an entirely different issue. By making immediately clear that youre not trying to teach the correct way to interview, but only trying to help them understand the rules of the game and what they should expect from it, youll help students focus on the task at hand, rather than getting caught up in cultural comparisons. Aim: Improve job interviewing skills Activity: Simulated job interviews Level:  Intermediate to advanced Teaching Outline Distribute the worksheet (from this lesson) to students in the class. Students should follow each of the instructions carefully.Make groups of three people and choose one person to interview for the positions, one to interview the job applicant, and one to take notes on the job interview.Review notes after each interview and have the interviewers tell the interviewees how they think they could improve their job interviewing skills.Have students switch roles and either interview another person or take notes. Make sure that all students have taken notes AND interviewed so that they can better understand the job interviewing process.While students are in their groups, have them note disagreements on a good job interviewing technique. At the end of the session, have students to ask other students their opinions on these disagreements.As a follow-up activity, have students go online and find a few jobs they would like to do. Have them write down their qualifications as practice in class. Job Interviewing Worksheet Visit a popular employment website to search for positions. Put in a few keywords for jobs that you would like. Alternately, find a newspaper with employment ads. If you dont have access to job listings, think of some jobs that you might find interesting. The positions you choose should be related to employment you have done in the past, or the jobs you would like to do in the future as they relate to your studies.  The positions dont necessarily need to be identical to your past jobs, nor do they need to exactly match the subject you are studying at school. Choose two jobs from the list of positions you have found. Make sure to choose jobs that match your skills in some way. To prepare yourself with appropriate vocabulary, you should explore vocabulary resources that list specific vocabulary for the work sector for which you are applying. Several resources can help with this: Use the Occupational Outlook Handbook, which lists positions by industry. This is a rich resource that provides general descriptions of the type of work and responsibilities you can expect.Search the industry glossary, for example, banking glossary. This will lead you to pages that provide definitions for key language in your chosen industry.Use a collocation dictionary with keywords from your industry. This will help you learn key phrases and words that usually go together. On a separate piece of paper, write down your qualifications for the job. Think about the skills you have and how they relate to the job you would like. These skills and qualifications can later be used on your resume. Here are some of the questions you should ask yourself when thinking about your qualifications: What tasks have I done at past jobs that are similar to the tasks required in this job advertisement?What are my strengths and weaknesses and how do they relate to the tasks required in this job advertisement?How do I relate to people? Do I have good people skills?If I dont have any related work experience, how does the experience I have and/or studies Ive done relate?Why do I want this job? With classmates, take turns interviewing each other. You can help fellow students by writing down a few questions that you feel will be asked. However, make sure that your partners also include general questions such as Whats your greatest strength?

Abkhazia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abkhazia - Essay Example As a means of seeking to define and understand the dynamics of Abkhazia to a more complete degree, this brief analysis will be concentric upon discussing the history of Abkhazia, analyzing whether or not it has any claim to state, or a state within a state for that matter, as well as the particular situation that exists within Abkhazia within the present time. Like so many of the other ethnic groups within the region of the South Caucuses, the ethnic definition of the â€Å"state of Abkhazia† quite literally has a direct connotation to the land of the â€Å"Land of the Apsians†; the racial and ethnic identifier that the individuals who reside within the bounds of Abkhazia utilize to denote themselves as compared to the Ossetians to the east, Russians to the north and the Georgians and Armenians to the South (Harzl, 2011). Within such an ethnic interpretation of what defines Abkhazia, the reader can quickly come to understand how the conflict which played out in 2008 was ultimately fomented and furthered.

Establishing a Business Continuity Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Establishing a Business Continuity Plan - Essay Example The prioritizations of the services or the products that are initially identified are based on the lower delivery levels and higher time period of the services. In order to conclude the significant ranking related to the services the information is needed for the determination of a distracted impact on the service delivery, loss of revenue, additional expenses and intangible losses. 1.3  Classifying Business Impacts for Interruptions or IncidentsThe disruption impact on significant services or the products helps in the verification of how long functions of an organization can work without services or products. It is essential for the business continuity to find out the time period before major impact on the unavailability product is experienced.1.4  Business Impact Analysis (BIA)The function of the BIA is to recognize the authorization and the significant services or products of the business. In addition, the identification of the internal as well as the external disruption and t he priority services or products ranking for the fast or continuous delivery of the products is identified and controlled by the BIA.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.5  Classify DependenciesThe delivery of services depends upon internal and external dependencies of significant services or products. The internal dependencies comprise of availability of staff, information, equipment, applications, transport, human resource, security and information technology (IT) support services. On the other hand, external dependencies consist of contractor, management facilities.

The Political Economy of Global Communication Essay

The Political Economy of Global Communication - Essay Example It has become a catch-22. As Peter Wilkin (2001) states, the "means of communication is a dangerous weapon to be placed in the hands of private institutions driven by profit interests as much as it is when placed in the hands of monopoly state power." The news media is this profit-driven organization, and its threat is real. The arena now is Iraq, now in the third year of a war sprung from the fear of a threat. Today, the relationship between the state and the media in terms of supporting each others interests. The available body of literature indicates that security issues have changed since World War II. The perceptions of people in the East differ greatly from those in the West due, in part, to media and communication as a whole. Prevention is often overlooked as an integral part of security. The case study will evaluate the role of the media in global security. Oftentimes ownership of media, whether public or private, plays a role in the kind of communication people may receive. In addition, wealthy investors, owners, and sponsors can skew the presentation of communications messages both locally and globally. The media is a powerful and influential player in high stakes political games but is also a tool in which a civil society gets information about global issues which now may affect them. Finally, this paper will examine how the Iraq crisis of 2002/2003, when the possible manufacture and stockpiling of weapons of mass destruction came to a peak, was both created and shaped by the me dia of both the United States, the aggressor in this conflict, and Germany, the largest member of the European Union and a staunch opponent of the war. SECTION TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW According to a study compiled by the World Watch Institute, security tops the lists of concerns for most nations (State of the World, 2005). National security is frequently referred to as the military, or the military and homeland security and has resulted in the creation of the Department of Homeland Security in the United States. However, according to Anita Dancs, (2006), director of the National Priorities Project and Security Policy Working Group member, "securing our nation has three components: the military, homeland security and preventive measures." Preventive measures refer to actions, plans and policies that neutralize or prevent violent conflicts (Dancs, 2006). Undoubtedly, the media plays a new role in global security by virtue of its position in the communications marketplace. They determine public opinion and can shape decisions and alter perceptions of problems. For example, Paul Rogers (2005) reports that even though North Americans typically respond to surveys that violence is on the rise both nationally and internationally, worldwide violence is actually diminishing. The Human Security Report reveals that "the number of armed conflicts has decreased by more than 40% , and the number of major conflicts(which it defines as resulting in 1,000 or more battle-deaths) has declined by 80%" (Rogers, 2005). The report also notes that the number of autocratic regimes is decreasing as well. This is an important consideration because, as Stephen Krasner (1983) has delineated, regimes are based upon norms and principles which do not change without a revolutionary impetus. For example, if a terrorist regime acts upon the principles of their religi on and seek to fight a holy war, such as in the tragedy of 9/11,